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A recent study has uncovered the essential roles of two proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, in maintaining bone mass, water retention, and bulk/in situ mechanical competence. Through the use of genetically modified mouse models, the research demonstrates that while biglycan plays a predominant role in preserving bone structure and toughness, decorin significantly contributes to the bone鈥檚 mechanical properties.

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Instabilities in the plasma in a tokamak device can cause disruptions that result in rapid loss of plasma confinement and the release of large amounts of energy. Current approaches can suppress one type of disruption, tearing instabilities, after they form. Here, researchers tested a method using AI/deep reinforcement learning that instead adjusts plasma conditions in real-time to avoid these instabilities from developing in the first place.

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As novas descobertas de um estudo internacional liderado por pesquisadores do Centro Oncol贸gico Integral da Mayo Clinic t锚m avan莽ado significativamente a compreens茫o sobre as altera莽玫es gen茅ticas no gene BRCA2, uma pe莽a chave no risco de hereditariedade para o c芒ncer.

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Cleft lip and cleft palate are some of the most common birth defects in people, affecting roughly one in every 700 babies in the world. Cleft lip 鈥� when the upper lip is split 鈥� is more common than cleft palate 鈥� when the roof of the mouth (palate) is split 鈥� except in Finland, where cases of cleft palate are so common they flip the ratio of cleft lip to cleft palate.

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In the largest research effort to date, anthropologists at Universit茅 de Montr茅al succeed in sequencing the genomes of 162 lemurs from 50 species across the island of Madagascar 鈥� and solve an evolutionary puzzle.

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Irvine, Calif., Jan. 9, 2025 鈥� RNA is the molecule that reads the genetic information stored in DNA. It鈥檚 critical for the proper functioning of cells, and in a new study published in Nature Communications, University of California, Irvine scientists have discovered a way of tagging RNA with a glowing bioluminescent molecule that allows them to track RNA in real time as it moves throughout the body.

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Los nuevos hallazgos de un estudio internacional dirigido por investigadores del Centro Oncol贸gico Integral de Mayo Clinic han avanzado significativamente la comprensi贸n sobre los cambios gen茅ticos en el gen BRCA2, una pieza clave en el riesgo de c谩ncer hereditario.

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Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC), an aggressive type of kidney cancer, historically has presented limited treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, a form of immunotherapy, can lead to exceptional, durable responses (when the tumor substantially shrinks for a very long period of time) for some patients with mccRRC, allowing them to live longer with a better quality of life.

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Scientists at St. Jude Children鈥檚 Research Hospital have uncovered the intricate circuit cues behind neuronal cell maturation and migration, which is required for proper cognitive function.

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A University of California, Irvine-led research team has discovered intricate molecular mechanisms driving the RNA processing defects that lead to Huntington鈥檚 disease and link HD with other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar dementia and Alzheimer鈥檚 disease.

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Advances in data availability and accessibility have resulted in a groundbreaking new study on wild animal hunting in African tropical forests. It suggests that the commercial trade in wild-sourced meat is increasing, and highlights the urgent need for countries to develop robust frameworks to ensure hunting and trade is sustainable in a growing commercialized sector.

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Findings from a multi-institutional, international study led by researchers from the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center have significantly advanced the understanding of genetic alterations in the BRCA2 gene, a key player in hereditary cancer risk.

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A study co-led by UCLA scientists has found targeting a protein called endocan and its related signaling pathway could be a promising new approach for treating glioblastoma, an aggressive and lethal type of brain cancer.

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The study, led by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and co-authored by experts throughout the world, recommends targeted action to prevent further extinctions and calls for governments and industry leaders to use these data in water management and policy measures to protect critical species and ecosystems.

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New research from Binghamton University, State University of New York shows that simple neural networks can find communities in complex networks with theoretical optimality, questioning the common view that more complex models outperform simpler ones.

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Nitrogen is an essential component in the production of amino acids and nucleic acids 鈥� both necessary for cell growth and function. Atmospheric nitrogen must first be 鈥渇ixed鈥� into a form that can be used by plants. There are only two ways of fixing nitrogen, one industrial and one biological.

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A collaborative effort between Mount Sinai and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has shed valuable light on how monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and now histamine help regulate brain physiology and behavior through chemical bonding of these monoamines to histone proteins, the core DNA-packaging proteins of our cells.

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A group of researchers from 26 universities and institutes working in Africa have warned conservationists, farmers and landowners to be cautious of consultants and companies recommending a single veld-burning strategy to sequester carbon in order to capitalise on carbon credits.

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New research led by UTHealth Houston scientists uncovered two genes associated with variants linked to epilepsy, which showed specific traits that make them promising diagnostic biomarkers. The study was recently published in Nature Communications.